As I said, or intimidated this legislation is vague at best outside the US, or often in the US.
Your issue is bifurcated further because a foreign court would have great difficulty enjoining a US based (especially smallish entity) from doing anything.
You'd have to travel to the US to potentially avail yourself of any legal remedy. That makes these suits COST prohibitive.
The other issue at play here is what are your damages?
Do you actually own any interest in the photo in question?
By posting on most of these sites, that vests ownership in the site, in many cases.
You need to read the site's policies, and accept the fact that many laws are illusory.
If you requested a takedown, gotten no where with the request, my recommendation would be to move on. Why? People KILL , RAPE, ROB, or do heinous things with regularity and rapidity; knowing full well the consequences for such actions, yet they persist.
Laws are generally ineffective in prohibiting or remedying conduct easily, and obtaining small victories often causes one to bear great costs.
I'd say forget this and move on, no one cares but you, and you've been PAUSED and MUTED!!!!