Today, a claim of adverse possession generally involves a disputed property line. The typical case will involve a dispute between the owners of adjoining properties, where one has appropriated the use of a portion of the other's parcel. It becomes a Court case when the other owner finds out. For instance, in a recent case out of Staten Island, the plaintiffs, owners of a certain parcel of real estate, installed a fence on a portion of the adjoining property in 1979, thereby enclosing an area of three or four feet by 158 feet, and planted various bushes, shrubs, and trees on the parcel. Some twenty years later, the defendants, recent purchasers of the adjoining parcel, discovered that fence actually lay on their property, and took it down. The plaintiffs then commenced a lawsuit to be awarded ownership of the disputed strip of land, under the doctrine of adverse possession. Their argument was that because they used and occupied this land for more than ten years (the statutory minimum), they became the owners of the disputed piece.
In New York, a person attempting to prove ownership in this manner must establish that their possession must be "hostile, and under a claim of right, actual, open and notorious, exclusive and continuous." The land must also be "usually cultivated or improved" or "protected by a substantial enclosure." In plain English, this means that (a) you believe you are the owner, (b) you hold yourself out to all as the owner, (c) you treat the property as your own, and (d) the property is fenced in, or otherwise made to look like the rest of your property.
The modern system of registering titles, use of surveys in transactions, and title searches has greatly diminished instances of claims of ownership by adverse possession; but nonetheless, the doctrine lives on in both rural and suburban areas of the state. Indeed, in my research of the topic, over one hundred cases on the subject were found to have been reported in the last five years.